![chains of command e l flood chains of command e l flood](https://images-cdn.fantasyflightgames.com/filer_public/21/24/21242871-1276-4c6f-b73d-4109eb002e0e/swc37-assembly-area.png)
Accordingly, new methodological developments could be considered using ecosystem and socio-economic approaches.Ĭoasts are subject to multiple changes: climate change, demographic growth, poor land management, the unsustainable use of natural resources, declining ecosystems ( UNISDR, 2015), etc. Finally, this bibliographical analysis reveals the need to revise the protection system concept in order to promote the integration of these systems in the territories. In each case, the use of the concept of resilience implies a clear distinction between systemic and analytical approaches. This retrospective on concepts and strategies leads us to structure the state-of-the-art analysis on methods and operational tools in relation to two issues: 1) understanding risks 2) adapting and transforming protection systems. Based on this hypothesis, the concepts of risk and resilience applied to floods are specified and the protection and adaptation strategies commonly used in recent decades are described. This analysis is carried out by considering that a system of protection is a component of the territory to which it provides protection and that it is therefore necessary to study in depth the relations between this system and the various components of the territory (the natural environment, the built environment and the social and institutional environment). This article focuses on systems to protect against this hazard, and presents a bibliographical analysis on methods and operational tools to strengthen their resilience. These developments generally lead to an increase in the risk of coastal flooding. 3Saint-Venant Hydraulics Laboratory and Cerema, Chatou, FranceĬoastlines are subject to multiple developments related to land use planning and the effects of climate change.2Lab’Urba, Université Gustave Eiffel, Champs-sur-Marne, France.1Cerema, Technopôle Brest Iroise, Plouzané, France.Marc Igigabel 1*, Youssef Diab 2 and Marissa Yates 3